list of world fastest jets.

Jets are been very fascinating for people for a long period of time, but people know very little about jets so I decide to tell a little bit about the world's fastest jets. 

10.Sukhoi Su-27 Flanker.

The Su-27 (Nato designation Flanker) is the front-line fighter aircraft designed by the Sukhoi Design Bureau and manufactured by Irkut Corporation. The export version is the Su-27SK.

The aircraft is equipped to operate autonomously in combat over hostile territory, in the escort of deep-penetration strike aircraft, and in the suppression of enemy airfields. The aircraft provides general air defense in cooperation with the ground and airborne control stations. A naval variant with folding wings, the Su-33, exists.

The Su-27SK is powered by two AL-31F turbofan engines, designed by the Lyulka Engine Design Bureau (NPO Saturn). Each engine has two air intakes: a primary wedge intake and louvered auxiliary air intake.

The twin-shaft, the turbo-fan engine has after-turbine flow mixing, a common afterburner, an all-mode variable area jet exhaust nozzle, an independent start and main electronic control, and a reserve hydro-mechanical engine mode control system. The high-temperature sections of the engines are made of titanium alloy.

A Su-27 fitted with AL-41F1 engines being developed by NPO Saturn took its first flight in March 2004. The uprated engine provides a thrust of 145kN (33,000lb).

9.General Dynamics F-111 Aardvark.

The General Dynamics F-111 "Aardvark" is a medium-range interdictor and tactical strike aircraft that also fills the roles of strategic bomber, reconnaissance, and electronic warfare in its various versions. Developed in the 1960s and first entering service in 1967, the United States Air Force (USAF) variants were officially retired by 1998 and replaced by the F-15E Strike Eagle. The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is the sole remaining operator of the F-111.

The F-111 was flown for the first time on 21 December 1964. In October 1967, the first version was delivered to the USAF Tactical Air Command at Nellis AFB, Nevada. Two years later, the first production bomber version was turned over to the Strategic Air Command at Carswell AFB in Fort Worth, Texas. A total of 562 F-111s were built. The first rolled off the production line on 15 October 1964. The last was produced in 1976.

The operational career of the F-111 came to an end on 3 December 2010 at RAAF Amberley near Brisbane, Australia, as a crew in an F-111C (serial number A8-125) of the Royal Australian Air Force touched down for the aircraft’s last landing. The RAAF had operated the F-111 since 1973. A8-125 was the first F-111C to land at Amberley that year.

8.McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle.

First flown on July 27, 1972, the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle remains the top USAF fighter.

During the Vietnamese War, USAF fighter pilots and Air Force leaders were angered at the deficiencies of their equipment and training that resulted in a two-to-one or even one-to-one kill ratio, compared to the ten-to-one kill ratio of the Korean War.

A 1968 paper competition resulted in the selection of the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle. It has been developed into the F-15C and F-15E Strike Eagle, the latter with a fantastic air-to-ground capability. It has distinguished itself in combat in the Persian Gulf War and, as part of the Israeli Air Force, in many conflicts with the air forces of Arab nations.

The McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle achieved its goals by a combination of inspired engineering and the advent of sophisticated on-board computers. Its large wings confer tremendous maneuverability, and its powerful engines give it a remarkable climb rate. Pilots who fly it always feel like they have "good hands" because of its wonderful formation, in-flight refueling, and landing characteristics, which are enhanced by computers that continuously feed input to the control systems.

7.Mikoyan MiG-31 Foxbat.

A long-range supersonic interceptor aircraft, the MiG-31 Foxhound, a two-seat aircraft developed principally for the Russian and Kazakhstan Air Forces was derived from MiG-25 Foxbat. The maiden flight of the MiG-31 took place in September 1975. Mikoyan is the designer and manufacturer of the MiG-31.

MiG-31 can work efficiently in all weather conditions while fulfilling visual flight rules (VFR) and instrument flight rules (IFR), day and night. It is equipped with state-of-the-art digital avionics. MiG-31 was the first Soviet fighter aircraft to have true lookdown and shoot-down capability.

Approximately 500 MiG-31 aircraft have been produced, out of which 370 were delivered to the Russian Air Force and 30 are in service with Kazakhstan Air Force. The remaining aircraft were upgraded to different variants under several upgrade programs. Only some of the Russian Mig fleet has been upgraded to MiG-31BM standards under the upgrade program.

The MiG-31 can climb at a rate of 208m a second and has the capacity to fly at 3,000km/h. The ferry and combat ranges of the aircraft are 3,300km and 720km respectively. The maximum takeoff weight of the aircraft is 46,200kg. The cruising range and wing loading capacities are 1,620m and 665kg/m² respectively, while the maximum g-load is 5g.

MiG-31 supersonic aircraft is equipped with two Solovyev D-30F6 turbofan shaft engines with a takeoff thrust 15,500kgf each. The dry thrust of the D-30F6 is 9,500kgf for each engine. The engine provides a maximum speed of Mach 1.23 at low altitude and increases the aircraft’s range. The fuel consumption of the MiG-31 is very high compared to other aircraft, principally due to its multiple roles.

6.XB-70 Valkyrie.

The North American XB-70 Valkyrie was the largest and fastest bomber ever built by the United States, but the massive six-engine Mach 3.0-capable jet never entered production. Only one surviving protocol sits in a museum in Dayton, Ohio, even as the Boeing B-52 it was supposed to one-day replace continues to soldier on.

The idea behind the XB-70 originated in the 1950s when it was assumed ever-greater speeds and altitudes would enable American bombers to survive against Soviet air defenses unmolested on their way to delivering their doomsday payloads. At the time, the only effective defenses against bombers were fighters and antiaircraft artillery. Even then, anti-aircraft guns were only marginally effective and interceptors were increasingly challenged by ever-improving bomber performance.

The XB-70, while a technological wonder at the time, was the wrong plane for the wrong time. It came at a time when ballistic missiles were thought to be supplanting manned bombers. Moreover, it was being developed at a time when it was increasingly apparent that high speed and high altitude were not sufficient protection against surface-to-air missiles or the next generation of Soviet fighters.

But the nail in the coffin was the jet’s exorbitant price tag and lack of mission flexibility—the B-70 couldn’t be adapted for the low-level role.

5.Bell X-2 Starbuster.

The National Advisory Committee once again contracted Bell Aircraft Company for Aeronautics (NACA) and the United States Air Force (USAF) to provide a high-speed, rocket-powered research aircraft following their success with the Bell X-1 project of the late The 1940s. This provided the impetus for the subsequent Bell X-2 to appear in the mid-1950s and continue the rigorous flight-testing regime into the Mach 2 / Mach 3 speed range. The X-2 was essentially an evolved, more capable version of the X-1. Pair of X-2 aircraft was completed for the tests ahead and the product nicknamed "Starbuster".
To power the new aircraft the two-chamber, variable thrust Curtiss-Wright XLR-25 rocket engine of up to 15,000 lbs. output was installed and mated to throttle controls (controls which the X-1 lacked). Aerodynamic refinements were present about the sleeker, slimmer fuselage, and a low-mounted; the swept-wing main plane assembly was used (unlike the straight wings of the X-1). The tail remained a single vertical fin with mid-mounted horizontal planes through all leading edges that were also swept.
As with the X-1, the X-2 was an air-launched vehicle though this time a specially modified Boeing B-50 Super fortress substituted for the original B-29 mother ship. Also as in the X-1, the X-2 completed its first test flights solely under glide power with the first undertaken on June 27th, 1952 - landings aided by an integrated wheeled undercarriage arrangement. The first rocket-powered flight did not come until November 18th, 1955.
The X-2 became a record-setter in its own right when it achieved a new speed record of Mach 2.87. It also became the first powered, manned aircraft to break the 100,000-foot altitude ceiling when it reached 126,200 feet on September 7th, 1956 (test pilot Iven Kincheloe at the controls). With some modifications added for Mach 3+ flight controlling, the X-2 then became the first aircraft to exceed Mach 3.0 on September 27th, 1956 (test pilot Milburn Apt). However, during this same flight, the aircraft experienced "inertia coupling" which spun the rocket plane out of control, killing Apt during his attempted ejection on May 12th, 1953.

4.Mikoyan MiG-25 Foxbat.

The MiG-25P is an interceptor aircraft for countering air targets in all weather conditions, by day and by night, and in dense hostile electronic warfare environments. The MiG-25P constitutes a part of the Russian S-155P missile interceptor system. The MiG-25P is produced by RSK Mig, which is based in Moscow and the Sokol Aircraft Manufacturing Plant Joint Stock Company at Nizhni Novgorod in Russia. The MiG-25 fighter series is known by the NATO codename Foxbat and are in service in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, India, Iraq, Algeria, Syria, and Libya.

The MiG-25 is one of the fastest combat aircraft ever produced, capable of achieving speeds in excess of Mach 2.83. Production ended in 1984.

Two R-15B-300 single-shaft turbojets, arranged in the tail section of the fuselage, power the aircraft. The engines develop 11,200kgf of thrust with fully selected afterburner. The engines provide a maximum speed of 3,000km/hour at high altitude. The maximum speed at low altitude is 1,200km/hour. The aircraft has a service ceiling of 22,500 meters. The range at altitudes between 9-11km with the speed of Mach 0.85 is 1,950km. At higher altitudes between 20-21km and speed Mach 2.35, the range is 1,650km. The maximum in-service g-load is 4.5g.

3.Lockheed YF-12.

You may think the YF-12 looks strikingly similar to the more famous SR-71 Blackbird. The reason for this is the YF-12 was the development aircraft on which the SR was based. Top speed was a more conservative Mach 3.35 and the YF was fitted with three air-to-air missiles, which the later SR dropped. The legendary Clarence Johnson designed both aircraft and a total of three were built, smashing the top speed, altitudes, and interceptor records of the period.

2.Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird

No reconnaissance aircraft in history has operated globally in more hostile airspace or with such complete impunity than the SR-71, the world's fastest jet-propelled aircraft. The Blackbird's performance and operational achievements placed it at the pinnacle of aviation technology developments during the Cold War.

This Blackbird accrued about 2,800 hours of flight time during 24 years of active service with the U.S. Air Force. On its last flight, March 6, 1990, Lt. Col. Ed Yielding and Lt. Col. Joseph Vida set a speed record by flying from Los Angeles to Washington, D.C., in 1 hour, 4 minutes, and 20 seconds, averaging 3,418 kilometers (2,124 miles) per hour. At the flight's conclusion, they landed at Washington-Dulles International Airport and turned the airplane over to the Smithsonian.

 1.North American X-15.

This aircraft has the current world record for the fastest manned aircraft. Its maximum speed was Mach 6.70 (about 7,200 km/h), which it attained on the 3rd of October 1967 thanks to its pilot William J. “Pete” Knight. To be stable at these super high velocities, it had to feature a big wedge tail, however, the downside of this was at lower speeds the drag was extremely big from such a tail. Therefore a B-52 Stratofortress had to carry it up to an altitude of about 14,000 meters before dropping it at which it ignited its own engines. Just imagine sitting in a rocket measuring only 15 m in length and then being dropped, must have been a truly magnificent feeling! The X-15 was used at such extreme speeds so that it did not use traditional ways to steer (using drag over a fin) but instead it used rocket thrusters! This made it possible to reach altitudes higher than 100 kilometers, which was one of its world records.

These are the three records that brought the X-15 rocket jet into the history books:

•        It was the first operational space plane.
•        It got to a height of more than 100 km.
•        It flew more than six times the speed of sound (Mach 6.70).

 All though this aircraft hold many records but it have a disadvantage too, this aircraft needs to be carried in the air by B-52 up to the altitude of 14000 feet, where X-15 drops away and fires its rocket-powered engine. 

So what are your favorite jet from this list?

Thank you for reading my blog.

Do you know what are the world's most expensive pens ever sold?

Do you know what are the world's most expensive pens ever sold?

These pens are not for normal people these are for the real bosses, they are just not only pens these are a status symbol

1.   Tibaldi – Fulgor Nocturnus (€7,129,172/Rs61,23,09,176.65)

A pen made by Tibaldi has sold at an auction in Shanghai for a record-breaking $9 million. Named Fulgor Nocturnus, it's inspired by the 'divine' proportion of Phi.

The decorative aspect of the pens’ body is expertly created with 945 handset black diamonds. Whether the number of black diamonds is significant has never been mentioned. However, it bears mentioning that 945 are the exact number of elected officials in the Italian Parliament. Tibaldi is an Italian company after all, so it may be a nod to the ruling agency there.

In addition to the diamonds, the pen is set with 123 rubies, and the cap has sixteen clips above the caps’ button. The significance, if any, of these numbers, is unknown. Though the number of stones may simply be what fits on the body to make the desired pattern, one or both stone counts may have some particular undisclosed mathematical significance. Whatever the meanings amount to the sum is a great beauty with exquisite details, which create a unified, whole that is glorious and gorgeously balanced.

Fulgor Nocturnis comes with a golden nib. Gold has been used for quality nibs because it’s durable yet flexible. Not only does it give a smoother and more controlled line, but it also stands up to frequent use. Modern inks are less harsh, but when gold first became the metal of choice for pen making, the ink was mildly caustic and would otherwise damage a stunning pen.

2.   Aurora – The Aurora Diamante (€1,310,520/Rs11,25,57,730.71)

The Aurora Diamante has a barrel that is made exclusively from platinum, two hectograms to be precise. Platinum is a precious metal, and since they are priced depending on their weight, two hectograms are equal to two hundred grams, which is quite a significant weight hence the price. Besides, platinum is very scarce since it is not minded as much as other precious metals; hence, it is bound to be more expensive than the rest.

The Aurora Diamante must have been constructed with the rich as the target audience because it has a golden nib. With such a pen in hand, writing has never been as valuable, and it makes whatever you put down worth reading, even if it is a lame joke. The solid gold nib is 18 carats, and it contributes to the astronomical figure of $1.47 million.

Diamonds are undoubtedly the most preferred way of pimping any jewelry or accessories, and the minute they are added, the price tag skyrockets. Aurora Diamante is encrusted with 1,919 De Beers diamonds that weigh more than 30 carats. The choice of the manufacturer to use De Beers diamonds must be because they emphasize quality and De Beers is reputed as the world’s leading diamond firm, controlling 35% of the global diamond production.

3.   Montblanc– Mystery Masterpiece (€650,537/Rs5,58,73,217.09)

Both luxury houses Montblanc and Van Cleef & Arpels reached the century mark for their brands and there was a reason for each to celebrate. They got together to design a very special collaborative edition pen which would serve as a symbol of not only their successes but also to exhibit the craftsmanship and creativity of each company, giving the world a magnificent example which rolled two big names in the business into one unique masterpiece which would become the fourth most expensive pen in the world.

The white-gold fountain pen features a heavily jeweled overlay, designed by Van Cleef & Arpels, on the cap and barrel. The jeweler applied its hallmark Mystery Setting, which conceals the metal prongs that hold the jewels in place, producing a tile like a gem surface. The pen’s name refers to Van Cleef & Arpels’ stone-setting technique and to Montblanc’s most popular pen—the Meisterstück, which is The German word for “masterpiece.”

4.   Caran d’Ache – La Modernista Diamonds Pen (€236,153 /Rs2,02,82,670.83)

The manufacturer crafted only one of these special pens. It was made for a special occasion to honor the late Antonio Gaudi. Robert Perron designed and worked on this pen for no less than six months.

Produced in 1999, it hit the market two years afterward. Harrods, a luxury store in London, which is known for its expensive perfume collection, put this pen on sale in 2001. It was sold to a lucky buyer who remains anonymous. He spent $265,000 on this Caran d’Ache La Modernista Diamond pen.

When it says diamond, it means diamond. This rhodium-coated silver pen is encrusted with over 5,000 Wesselton diamonds, which weigh a total of 20 carats. And to beautify it, Perron added 96 rubies, which weigh a total of 32 carats. To top it off, he crafted the pen’s nib from rhodium-coated 18K gold.

 5. Montblanc – Prince Rainier III Limited Edition 81 Pen (€231,876/Rs1,99,15,328.55)

The Prince Rainier III Limited Edition 81 Pen was created in honor of Prince Rainier III of Monaco, with only 81 made in honor of the age at which the prince died.

The design thoughtfully incorporates an elaborate design through a skeletonized frame for the body, which is completed with artwork that culminates in the creation of a shield that presents the Grimaldi coat of arms in honor of Prince Rainier who was, in fact, a Grimaldi. Upon the skeleton-frame is over 8 carats worth of diamonds and rubies with a lozenge shape. The 996 diamonds are high quality, cut and faceted, and there are 92 rubies used in the pattern. The body of the pen is crafted of 18k white gold, which lies beneath the intricate placement of the precious gemstones. The nib of this pen is made from 18k gold as well, and the clip ring is lined with a total of 19 rubies.

The Prince Rainier III Limited Edition 81 made its appearance at a VIP charity event in honor of Prince Raine III, after his death. It was a star stubbed event with Prince Albert, his son in attendance, and celebrities such as Eva Green and Helena Christianson. The event was held in 2007, just two years after the passing of Rainier. This gala event featured the auction of one of the special Prince Rainier III Limited Edition 81 pens with proceeds going towards a foundation established by Princess Grace previously, to benefit children as well as the arts, two of the things she was passionate about in her own life. 

6.Montblanc Bohème fountain pen (Papillon limited edition) (€205,329/Rs1,76,35,264.09)

The masterly combination of the highest writing culture and first-class jewelry craftsmanship is revealed in the six magnificent fountain pens in the Montblanc Limited Edition “Boheme Papillon”.

Crafted in the solid white, yellow or rose gold, the pens are studded with over 1,400 scintillating diamonds and sapphires, which delicately wrap around the body in three levels and onto the internal spring mechanism.

Fragile butterflies and Keatsian plant tendrils adorn the cap and the body while the patented signature star-shaped Montblanc Diamond graces the top of the cap.

These highly collectible fountain pens come in your choice of six variations. Each is painstakingly handcrafted by the hands of skilled craftsmen who ensure the highest of quality in their workmanship for precision in the quality of performance from these writing instruments as well as in the flawless presentation of the intended designs for each. The pens are made from premium precious metals including solid white gold, yellow gold, or rose gold. The stones that number more than 1,400 for each pen consist of sapphires and top Wesselton quality diamonds

To further break down the elements of the pens in this collection, the retractable gold nib is made of 18-carat gold. The three which are offered in a solid white, yellow and rose gold, feature diamonds as their principle stone in the amount of 7.21 carats, with the addition of .21 carats of sapphires. The other three examples are studded with 4.35 carats of flawless diamonds numbering 840, and 3.87 carats of sapphires total 591 of the secondary stone in the color scheme.

7. Montblanc – Diamond Solitaire Pen (Meisterstück Solitaire Royal LeGrand) (€155,950/Rs1,33,94,208.49)

Montblanc is trying hard to ensure that the art of writing doesn’t die a swift death. And to make sure that pens remain in style, they have made the fountain pens more exclusive and classy with the Montblanc Meisterstück Solitaire Royal LeGrand, (the Diamond Solitaire for short). The stunning pen will be featured under Bonham & Butterfield's hammer at their Fine Writing Instruments in Los Angeles, with an estimated price of $175,000. The pen which will be sold alongside 200 other rare pens comes encrusted with more than 4,600 brilliant-cut white diamonds set on an 18 carat yellow gold barrel, with the cap top emblem, crafted using seven diamonds.

8. Caran d’Ache – 1010 Fountain Pen (€ 155,950 /Rs1,33,94,208.49)

The 1010 Limited Edition is part of the search for perfection that all craftsmen share its elegant construction, its daring concept, and it's complex manufacturing makes it both an artistic and technical triumph.

The name '1010' refers to the time of 10 minutes past 10, which is considered to be the optimum aesthetic point on a clock. The name reflects the beautiful balance and elaborate detailing, matching that of a fine Swiss watch. With ten copies in total, 18K gold and sapphire in the 'glass', this is a Cara d’Ache pen for luxury watch and pen enthusiasts.

The 1010 diamond pen is almost as rare as a unicorn’s horn, but fortunately, slightly easier to get your hands on- provided you have the money, of course. The fine piece of writing equipment is crafted from white gold and set with 850 pure diamonds that blends the expertise of goldsmiths, premium jewelers, and master craftsmen. Looking purely at the diamonds, the attention to detail is sublime: not content with just the one cut, Caran d’Ache has cut them in three, totaling 24.61 carats overall and guaranteeing the starriest, most Elizabeth Taylor worthy pen imaginable. Looking next to the nib, the expert craftsmanship is again on fine display- made in rhodium plated 18-carat gold and delicately engraved, this is one nib you’ll kick yourself for breaking. 

9. Montblanc – Boheme Royal Pen (€147,039

/Rs1,26,28,861.95)

Diamonds may be a girl’s best friend, but they also find favor with the menfolk too. Take the instance of the Montblanc Boheme Royal Pen. Encrusted with 1,430 brilliant-cut diamonds this pen really makes a style statement. This extravagant writing tool is made up of platinum-plated 18-karat gold, and even the Mont Blanc star logo is comprised of 19 diamonds. The clip is set with a paramount-cut diamond. Making the first impression at an important work meeting should not be a problem with this iconic pen. It sure will let everyone know who’s the boss.

The butterfly inspired the Mont Blanc Boheme Royal Pen. With only six in creation, three of them are each made of solid white, yellow and rose gold, with 1402 Wesselton diamonds at 7.21 carats and 37 sapphires at .21 carats. The other three each have 840 diamonds at 4.35 carats and 591 sapphires at 3.87 carats. 

10. Montegrappa – Ancient Mexican Civilisations Rollerball Pen (€127,433/Rs1,09,44,944.98)

Montegrappa honors the ancient Mexican civilizations for their contributions to the creation of indigenous writing systems.

Montegrappa honors the ancient Mexican civilizations for their contribution to the creation of indigenous writing systems.
It is believed the great Mexican cultures were so advanced that they created indigenous writing systems before the Europeans. This, in part, has inspired Montegrappa to honor the civilizations of Mexico, of which the five greatest were the Olmec, the Maya, the Teotihuacan, the Toltec and the Aztec. Decorating every surface of the pens are the engraved images of Mexican gods and glyphs, including the Aztec Sun God, with patterns reminiscent of distinctive Mayan architecture. The pen clip itself is fashioned after the sacrificial sword used by Mayan priests to dispatch their offerings to the gods. Available in sterling silver or solid 18K gold, both editions are finished with translucent enamel; there is an innovative all-bronze version as well.

So guys, what's your favorite pen from above?

Thanks for reading my blog.